Ile-de-France topographic maps

Average elevation: 79 m

Average elevation: 110 m

Average elevation: 91 m

Average elevation: 66 m

Average elevation: 118 m

Average elevation: 123 m

Average elevation: 70 m

Average elevation: 115 m

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 62 m

Average elevation: 59 m